A Randomized Phase Ii Study of Venetoclax and Hma-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Older and Unfit Adults with Newly Diagnosed Flt3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Aml): A Myelomatch Treatment Trial
Study of Investigational Medication for Older Adults with Specific Type of Blood Cancer
Rita Assi
Primary Investigator
Brief description of study
This phase II MyeloMATCH treatment trial compares the usual treatment of azacitidine and venetoclax to the combination treatment of azacitidine, venetoclax and gilteritinib in treating older and unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia and FLT3 mutations. Azacitidine is a drug that is absorbed into DNA and leads to the activation of cancer suppressor genes, which are genes that help control cell growth. Venetoclax is in a class of medications called B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors. It may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking Bcl-2, a protein needed for cancer cell survival. Gilteritinib is in a class of medications called kinase inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of a certain naturally occurring substance that may be needed to help cancer cells multiply. This study may help doctors find out if these different approaches are better than the usual approaches. To decide if they are better, the study doctors are looking to see if the study drugs lead to a higher percentage of patients achieving a deeper remission compared to the usual approach.
Detailed description of study
Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 regimens.
REGIMEN 1:
INDUCTION: Patients receive azacitidine intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1-7 of each cycle and venetoclax orally (PO) on days 1-28 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles or until patient achieves remission, whichever comes first, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive azacitidine IV or SC on days 1-7 and venetoclax PO on days 1-28 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
REGIMEN 2:
INDUCTION: Patients receive azacitidine IV or SC on days 1-7 and venetoclax and gilteritinib PO on days 1-28 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles or until patient achieves remission, whichever comes first, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive azacitidine IV or SC on days 1-5, venetoclax PO on days 1-7 and gilteritinib PO on days 1-28 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
REGIMEN 3:
INDUCTION: Patients receive azacitidine IV or SC on days 1-7 and venetoclax PO on days 1-28, and gilteritinib PO on days 8-21 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles or until patient achieves remission, whichever comes first, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive azacitidine IV or SC on days 1-5, venetoclax PO on days 1-14 and gilteritinib PO on days 8-21 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
All patients undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration as well as blood sample collection on the trial.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months if patient is < 2 years from first registration, and every 6 months if patient is 2-5 years from first registration. All patients, including those who discontinue protocol therapy early, are followed for response until progression, even if non-protocol therapy is initiated, and for survival for 10 years from the date of randomization.
Eligibility of study
You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria:
- Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Cancer
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Age: 18 years - 100 years
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Gender: All
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patient must be ≥ 60 years of age or adults ˂ 60 who in the opinion of the treating physician are better served by azanucleoside-based therapy rather than intensive, cytarabine-based induction based on clinical status (i.e., performance status, age > 75 years), organ dysfunction, or disease biology
- Patient must have a morphologically confirmed diagnosis of AML according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with PML-RARA, AML with RUNX1-RUNX1T1, or AML with CBFB-MYH11
- Patient must have no prior therapy for AML with the exception of hydroxyurea and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), or leukapheresis. Patients with cytarabine-based emergency therapy prior to the start of therapy on this trial are eligible
- Patient must have no prior therapy with hypomethylating agents or FLT3 inhibitors
- Patient must have the FLT3-ITD or D835 mutation based on MyeloMATCH Master Screening and Reassessment Protocol (MSRP)
- Patient must be assigned to this protocol by the myeloMATCH MSRP
- Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used.
- All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to registration to rule out pregnancy.
- A patient of childbearing potential is defined as anyone, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
- Patient of childbearing potential and/or sexually active patients must not expect to conceive or father children by using an accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study. Contraception measures must continue for 30 days after the last dose of venetoclax for all patients and for 6 months after the last dose of gilteritinib for patients of childbearing potential and for 4 months after the last dose of gilteritinib for male patients with partners of childbearing potential. Patient must not breastfeed during treatment and for 2 months after treatment ends
- Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally authorized representative (LAR) or caregiver and/or family member available will also be considered eligible
- Total bilirubin 2X ≤ institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (unless thought to be elevated due to disease involvement or Gilbert's syndrome)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 3.0 x institutional ULN
- Either measured or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault equation
- Creatinine clearance of ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73m^2
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months of registration/randomization are eligible for this trial
- Patients must not have a baseline corrected QT interval ≥ 480 msec using Fredericia correction (QTcF).
NOTE: Since older patients are at risk for prolonged QTc and many will require supportive care with agents that affect the QTc, an ECG is recommended if clinically indicated. If the QTc is prolonged, they should be treated on tier advancement process (TAP) instead of EA02
- For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
- Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
- Patient must not have the medical necessity for ongoing treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inducing drug
- Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
- Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
- Patients must not have an active or uncontrolled infection
^^Additional criteria apply and final eligibility will be determined by the study PI.
This study investigates treatments for older adults with a type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has a specific mutation known as FLT3. The purpose is to compare different treatments to see which is more effective. AML is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, where the body makes abnormal blood cells.
Participants will receive either a combination of investigational medication and other therapies or a standard treatment. The study will observe the response to these treatments over four cycles. A comprehensive assessment will be used to evaluate the fitness of participants for the treatments.
- Who can participate: Adults 60 years or older, or those under 60 deemed suitable by their doctor for azanucleoside-based therapy, can participate. Participants must have a confirmed diagnosis of AML with specific mutations and no prior therapy for AML, except for some exceptions.
- Study details: Participants will receive either investigational medication with other therapies or standard treatment. A comprehensive geriatric assessment will evaluate fitness for treatment.
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