Understanding Barriers to Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment and Digital Health Engagement Among Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Mixed-Methods Formative Study
Study on Barriers to Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment for Liver Disease Patients
Lauren Nephew
Primary Investigator
Brief description of study
From the patient perspective, stigma and fear of judgment, especially in transplant-adjacent contexts, discourage disclosure of alcohol use and engagement in treatment. Structural challenges, including transportation barriers, unstable housing, caregiving responsibilities, and financial toxicity, further limit participation in treatment. Treatment readiness may also fluctuate with stress, episodes of hepatic decompensation, and social instability, undermining engagement in traditional referral-based models. Collectively, these barriers help explain persistently low treatment rates despite strong evidence that AUD is both treatable and central to improving ALD outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability and multilevel implementation determinants, including individual-level factors and outer setting influences such as socioeconomic context, that shape adoption of and engagement with a digital health intervention for alcohol use disorder among patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.
Detailed description of study
Participants will complete a survey assessing socioeconomic status (SES), prior treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), treatment readiness, digital access, and health literacy (6). To maximize participation among patients with recent alcohol use and limited digital access, surveys will be administered flexibly. Participants may complete the survey in clinic using a tablet or paper survey with assistance from research staff if needed, complete the survey remotely by phone or complete the survey electronically with a secure survey link emailed to the participant in advance.
Eligibility of study
You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria:
- Conditions: Alcohol-associated or mixed-etiology chronic liver disease
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Age: 18 years - 100 years
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Gender: All
Inclusion Criteria
• Age ≥18 years with alcohol-associated or mixed-etiology chronic liver disease
• ≤6 months of sobriety by self-report or PEth ≥20 ng/mL within the past 6 months, with the lab value for PEth taken from the EMR
• Clinically stable with sufficient mental status, cognition to participate (no grade 3–4 hepatic encephalopathy)
• Able to provide informed consent (care-partner assistance permitted)
• English proficiency (Of note, at this stage, the study is designed to be a formative mixed-methods project requiring nuanced qualitative interviews and validated survey instruments that are currently only available in English. We can track the number of otherwise eligible patients excluded due to language and report these data as an equity-relevant finding. In subsequent intervention-development phases, a plan to translate instruments, employ bilingual staff, and intentionally recruit patients that are not English speakers is anticipated).
• Willingness to complete a survey and/or interview regarding alcohol treatment experiences and technology use.
Exclusion Criteria
• Primary liver disease unrelated to alcohol with no alcohol use in the past year
• >6 months of sobriety by self-report and PEth negative
• Inability to consent or participate (e.g., cognitive impairment, language barrier)
• Severe encephalopathy, delirium, defined as West Haven grade 3-4, or other condition precluding informed participation.
This study investigates barriers to alcohol use disorder treatment in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. The purpose of this study is to understand how different factors, like stigma and transportation issues, affect patients' willingness to engage in treatment. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is when someone cannot control their drinking despite knowing it causes problems. This study looks at how these barriers affect the use of a digital health tool to help manage AUD.
Participants will complete a survey that asks about their socioeconomic status, past treatment for alcohol use disorder, readiness for treatment, access to digital tools, and ability to understand health information. The survey can be done in different ways to make it easy for everyone, including using a tablet or paper in the clinic, over the phone, or through a secure online link.
- Who can participate: Participants must be 18 years or older with alcohol-associated or mixed-etiology chronic liver disease and have less than 6 months of sobriety. They must be able to consent and understand English.
- Study details: Participants will complete a survey about their experiences with alcohol treatment and technology use. The survey can be completed in the clinic, by phone, or online with research staff assistance if needed.
Interested in the study?
This study is accepting only persons who receive care at a certain clinic or doctor or who are part of an invited group. Questions about this study can be directed to the study team listed in the description or contact your doctor to see if you are eligible.
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