Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients of Methodist Urology in Indianapolis, IN who are undergoing endoscopic procedures for nephrolithiasis or other urologic disease.
- Upper urinary tract endoscopic or PERC procedure for kidney stones removal
- General medical health allowing surgical procedure
- Ability to complete all the necessary components of the study
- Able to sign an informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Poor general medical health
- Bleeding diathesis
- Inability or unwillingness to comply with post-surgical follow-up